Problem Gambling
Gambling is an activity in which a person places a bet on something with the hope of winning. It involves risk, an element of chance, and a prize, and can be done on a large scale through lottery tickets, sports betting, casino games or scratchcards. Gambling is a widespread activity with significant social, economic and emotional consequences for people who develop problems with it. The occurrence of problem gambling has increased in recent years as more and more individuals have gained access to legal, online gambling opportunities. In addition, the availability of more sophisticated technology has made it easier to place bets and to track results, which increases the likelihood that a gambler will become addicted.
Despite the prevalence of gambling, most individuals who participate in it do not have any problems with it. However, a small percentage of individuals who become heavily involved in gambling develop pathological gambling disorder, defined in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) as persistent and recurrent gambling-related problems that result in significant distress or impairment.
Many people who have a problem with gambling feel they can’t control their behaviour, or find themselves making more and more bets to try to make up for lost money. They may also experience withdrawal symptoms if they stop gambling, such as feelings of anxiety or depression. People who have a problem with gambling are also more likely to have trouble in relationships, at work or school and in their financial lives. Some have even been reported to be at risk of homelessness as a result of their addiction to gambling.
Research suggests that there are several factors that contribute to a person developing a gambling problem, including a genetic predisposition and the influence of peers. Young people, especially boys and men, are at a greater risk of developing a gambling disorder. So are people who have a low income, as they may have more to lose and are less likely to be able to afford treatment.
For some, the appeal of gambling lies in its perceived ‘low-risk, high reward’ nature. They see it as a fun and exciting way to spend their leisure time, a feeling that is reinforced by the media portrayal of gambling as glamorous, fashionable and sexy. Others, particularly those with underlying mental health issues such as depression or grief, use gambling to numb themselves and escape from their troubles.
If you have a family member with a gambling problem, it is important to reach out for support as you can get help for yourself and your loved one. Speak to your GP or a specialist service such as the Royal College of Psychiatrists. You can also help by setting boundaries around money management – for example, having someone else be in charge of your finances, closing online betting accounts and keeping only a small amount of cash on you at all times. The most effective strategy is to avoid gambling altogether, but if you are unable to do this, there are inpatient and residential treatments available for those with serious gambling disorders.